Alexander Graham Bell :: essays research papers fc

General Biographical data Chime was conceived on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and instructed at the colleges of Edinburgh and London. He went to Canada in 1870 and to the United States in 1871. In the United States he started showing hard of hearing quiets, publicizing a framework called obvious discourse. The framework, which was made by his dad, the Scottish educator Alexander Melville Bell, shows how the lips, tongue, and throat are utilized in the verbalization of sound. In 1872 Bell made a school for hard of hearing and quiet individuals, in Boston, Massachusetts. The school turned out to be a piece of Boston University, where Bell was an educator of vocal physiology. He turned into a U.S. resident in 1882. Since Bell was 18, he had been taking a shot at transmitting discourse. In 1874, while taking a shot at a numerous message, he concocted the fundamental thoughts for the phone. His investigations with his associate Thomas Watson at long last were fruitful on March 10, 1876, when the principa l complete sentence was transmitted: "Watson, come here; I need you." The show at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania acquainted the phone with the world and prompted the association of the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Six Major Events  1871 Bell began showing hard of hearing understudies in Boston.  1874-75 he started take a shot at his incredible development.  Bells lawyer had applied for a patent on February 14, 1876  1880 Bell got the French government’s Volta cost for the phone.  1898 Bell succeeded his dad in-law as leader of the National Geographic Society.  He kicked the bucket at his domain on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia on August 2. 1922. Significant Contributions Alexander Graham Bell’s most noteworthy commitment to humankind was clearly the phone. Alexander Graham Bell concocted the phone in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1876. After one year Bell established the Bell Telephone Company and started authorizing phone trades to course calls through New England. Ringer Telephone Company got in a battle with the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had recorded a patent for the phone only hours after Alexander Graham Bell.

Phase 1 – Intro to Economic Thinking

Stage 1 †Intro to Economic Thinking ECON202-1302A-02: Microeconomics Colorado Technical University Joseph Keller 4/14/13 As costs increment, should wellbeing financial specialists advocate surrendering something (opportunity costs/exchange offs)? I feel that wellbeing business analysts ought to advance surrendering something in as costs rise. The explanation I feel along these lines is on the grounds that as the costs increment many individuals would not have the option to pay for the administrations . So for this situation I accept that they ought to think about bringing down the costs, this consequently ought to urge individuals to keep on getting the services.The tradeoff presumably would be bringing down the compensations of a portion of the wellbeing suppliers. As the amount of wellbeing administrations gave goes up, does the advantage of each extra unit of administration become littler (minor investigation)? On the off chance that the quantity of administrations goes up th e advantage of each help would decrease, since utilizing minimal examination each expansion is viewed as less worth. So in the event that you utilize peripheral investigation it will assist you with assuming if producing various administrations will profit your organization (Cliff's Notes, 2013).Discuss the issue of social insurance with regards to the accompanying microeconomic ideas: Marginal examination Marginal investigation in the human services industry for instance would be in the event that you were burning through $1000 for 5 units of wellbeing administration, sold in $200 increases, minimal investigation would work this way, if you somehow happened to purchase another $200 you would get 1/2 units, on the off chance that you purchased another $200 you would increase 1/4more ,another 1/8 . So as should be obvious you could arrive at a point were purchasing more units would work adversely in light of the fact that you would never again be picking up anything (Cliff's Notes, 2 013). Exchange offs/Opportunity costsTrade-off in the business would be if an office severely expected to include another unit, the exchange of could be to bring down a portion of the workers’ pay rates so as to make up for that additional cash being spent. The open door cost is the cash lost from the representatives so as to get the additional unit required. (Hubbard, G and O’brien, and T 2013). Regulating versus positive financial aspects Normative financial matters manages what the economy should resemble or what specific arrangement activities should be recommended to achieve a fundamental objective. Positive financial matters is the piece of financial matters that focuses on real factors and circumstances and logical results connections. Hubbard, G and O’brien, and T 2013). . Should this choice be made in a midway arranged economy or a market economy? I believe that social insurance specifically ought to be constrained by a midway arranged economy. These I think will advance an all the more reasonably run framework and choices fundamentally are made for more noteworthy's benefit. The explanation that I feel along these lines is in such a case that you let the market control the economy then they in all likelihood would do what’s best for their self’s rather than what is best for all. In the event that it was a market economy we would most likely have a similar issue that we have with the gas business, costs consistent ascending until it is excruciating .People would at present need the administration however it would be on an absolute necessity have premise (Hubbard, G and O’brien, T 2013). In any event now there are designs in influence to safeguard that everybody has moderate medical coverage, alongside things like Medicaid and Medicare. Is medicinal services a macroeconomic or microeconomic issue? I feel that social insurance is both on the grounds that you need to take a gander at it from the two points of vie w, on one hand human services is a microeconomic issue since it is the investigation of individual firms and their financial aspects .I think the miniaturized scale some portion of medicinal services becomes an integral factor when you’re discussing singular workplaces and emergency clinics . At that point it very well may be seen as macroeconomics when you see social insurance in the greater sense, which means human services in general. The full scale part becomes possibly the most important factor when you see social insurance and government help laws and so on. How might this influence creation productivity? Medicinal services offers a one of a kind subject, supposing that an individual is having a dangerous issue, individuals will in any case acquire the administrations regardless of the expense in the event that they can manage the cost of it.If the medical problem isn't unreasonably genuine, at that point an individual may look for attempting to locate the best arrangem ent accessible, or in the event that they don’t have clinical protection they may decide to forego the methodology required inside and out. References Cliff's Notes. (2013, April 14). Monetary examination. Recovered from http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/Economic-Analysis. topicArticleId-9789,articleId-9726. html Hubbard, G ; O’brien, T. (2013). Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc

Wilsons Disease Essay Example For Students

Wilsons Disease Essay Wilsons DiseaseWilsons Disease, deductively known as Hepatolendicular Degeneration, isan acquired dissorder in wich unnecessary measures of copper accumalate in the body. Despite the fact that Wilsons Disease starts during childbirth, symtoms ussually happen between theages of 6 and 40. Side effects can be not kidding, for example, liver ailment, or minor such asdrooling and trembling. This paper will clarify the accompanying about WilsonsDisease: the side effects and outcomes, treatment and analysis, and how it isinheritted. As referenced before the indications can be intense or minor. Liverdisease, the most perilous indication happens in about 40% of patients. While nearlyall patients show minor manifestations of nuerogical and mental, for example, treemor,rigidity, slobbering, discourse slurs, character changes, unseemly behavior,detterioration of school work, and an earthy ring in the edge of the cornea. We will compose a custom article on Wilsons Disease explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Wilsons sickness is effectively analyzed, yet should be done early. Both urineand blood tests are taken from the conceivable patient, alongside liver biospies, toexamine the perhaps defiled organ. Treatment includes evacuating the excesscopper found in the body, and forestalling reaccumalation of copper. Lifelongtherapy is expected to keep copper out of the body. Zinc acetic acid derivation is the most current drugapproved by the FDA for the treatment of Wilsons Disease. Different medications utilized fortreatment and avoidance are penacillamine and trietine. In extreme cases livertransplants are required for patients. Treatment is critical in WilsonsDisease. Halting treatment can bring about death of a patient in as meager as threemonths. Wilsons infection is an acquired sickness from the two guardians. It isn't sexlinked, occuring similarly in the two guys and females. All together for the illness to occur,both guardians must convey and influenced quality, which at that point gives to the affectedchild. At long last, the kid must have two influenced qualities. On the off chance that the kid just carriesone influenced quality, heshe is known as a bearer (they can pass on the illness), andwill not be sick. The malady influences chromosome 13 in people, and is known asATP7B. Wilsons Disease qualities are influenced by unconstrained transformations done tothem. Thirty unique changes were so far found among tried patients. Thedisease is known to be given from age to age in a few cases, yetmost patients don't show family ancestry of the infection. Wilsons Disease is a genuine and lethal, if not appropriately treated, malady. Treatment can dispose of the sickness however should be deep rooted to forestall reaccumalationof copper. The ailment isn't effectively acquired because of the way that the youngster mustrecieve an influenced quality from each parent. Wilsons illness is at present beingresearched and new medications are being made to forestall and treat influenced patients. Class: Science

Modernity and Post-Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation and Post-Modernity - Essay Example People proceeded with their scholarly advancement previously and because of this subjective procedure, they empowered themselves to make and apply different social frameworks during the previous hundreds of years (Colins 2004). Be that as it may, the most critical improvement in such manner was industrialization, which drove mankind towards the idea of modernization. In this time, in any case people concentrated on computerized creation so as to satisfy the developing interest of shopper items, for example, flour, apparel. Be that as it may, this disparity of qualities end up being a wellspring of pulverization for the farming business overall since, this time’s scholarly base underlined on satisfying the requirements of greater part on the cost of those of minority. In any case, with the progression of time, people ran over another significant idea of post-innovation, which rather than community concentrated on independence (David 1989). Along these lines, under the impressio n of independence favored everybody with the option to live their lives, as they see fit, inside legitimate necessities obviously. Simultaneously, it is basic to consider the dynamic givers of this change from the possibility of community towards that of independence in light of the fact that, the results of innovation got noticeable in type of scarcely any decision over most of people (Frank and Waters 1999). Thusly, humankind considered the idea of independence as guardian angel for the humanity’s inconsistent appropriation of rights. Consequently, along these lines, global legitimate condition presented people with their privileges of discourse and vote. During this time of moderate edification, African Americans and females are honored with the option to cast a ballot.

Never Leave the Scene of a Good Idea Without Taking Action

Never Leave the Scene of a Good Idea Without Taking Action People want options. We get a few emails per week from readers asking us where to start on their journey into minimalism. They claim to be lost and overwhelmed and are looking for direction. Really, these people are looking for options. Some of them are scared shitless. They dont know where to start and thus options make it easier for them to make a decision. This presents a double-bind though. You see, options are great until we have too many. Thats why it takes you twice as long to shop at Walmart than your local grocery store. Thats why you spend five minutes in the shampoo aisle. Paralysis by analysis. Options are good and helpful, but too many options are not. So you want to live a more minimalist lifestyle? But where the hell do I start? you ask yourself. There are so many blogs out there that you feel overwhelmed just trying to scratch the surface. And there are ebooks and references and everyone has his or her opinion that they pretend is some sort of absolute truth. Its all a little crazy-making. Whenever we get one of those emails asking us where to start, we usually respond with three options: extreme, moderate, and conservative. 1. Extreme. You could call this the Colin Wright approach toward minimalism. This is both the easiest and most difficult option of the three, and it is not for most people (it certainly wasnt for the two of us). To sum it up: rent a dumpster and throw all your shit in it. Thats pretty much all there is to it, but be prepared to live with a bag or two of clothes and thats about it. There is nothing wrong with it, especially if you want to travel. 2. Moderate. Do what Ryan did and have a packing party. Pretend youre moving and unpack what you need over the course of the next week. Discard everything else thereafter. This option takes about a day of your life, but you can actually have fun doing it. This option tends to work very well for single people and for couples with one or no children. It is, however, too much for some people to handle at first. 3. Conservative. We call this the Joshua Becker approach. Start with one room and take baby steps towards your goal. Listen to this audio to hear his story about his familys journey into minimalism. Whichever option you chose, the most important part is taking action. Once you make the decision, you must take action. This allows you to build momentum. You should never leave the scene of a good idea without taking some sort of immediate action. And your actions can change over time too. This past week, Joshua donated the majority of his clothes to Goodwill. Getting rid of most of your clothes might not sound practical. Theres no doubt that its a bit more on the extreme side. You see, he started out initially with the conservative option, a couple years ago, slowly paring down his possessions, decluttering, and getting rid of things he didnt use or want or need. But he eventually moved to the more moderate option, beginning to question his possessions. Do I really need this? was the question he started to ask himself about all his stuff, from clothes to furniture to kitchen utensils. Recently, he realized that he could get by with less, and by doing so he could appreciate what he had even more. So he got rid of anything he hadnt worn in the last thirty days, from coats and shirts to belts and shoes. His closet is down to the basics now and he feels great about the decision. Its okay to start out by taking baby steps: walk before you run. If you can start off running, thats even better, but dont get discouraged if you cant. You should get discouraged only if you refuse to take immediate action. Dont wait until tomorrow. Tomorrow will always be a day away. Dont throw up a barrier or an excuse that prevents you from taking action. Youre so much better than that. Sure youre tired, sure youre busy, sure youre whatever, but dont let that stand in your way. The only person holding you back is you. And you dont need permission. Take action today. Take action now. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

How to Attract Millennials - Free Essay Example

According to Visa, Millennials are the fastest growing and largest population segment in the United States with more than 75 million men and women. This statistic is relevant because millennials are our tomorrow, and it is vital to capture their business. Visa further goes on to say that the majority of checking accounts (69 percent) happen prior to college. Although millennials may be familiar with a checking account, they are less familiar with CDs, they prefer borrowing money from their parents rather than going to a bank for a loan, and their generation is less likely to have a credit card, as they prefer cash and debit cards. A statistic provided by Fortune states that a mere one in three millennials [carry] plastic. Millennials are less likely to have a credit card than debit. This fact does not bode well for our bank as the fees we earn from debit payments are significantly less than those of credit cards. Our banks problem is that we are losing money with the younger generations so we need to figure out how we can appeal to said generations in order to maintain their business activity with our bank. It is a known fact that the cost of an undergraduate degree has increased exponentially within the last 30 years. In fact, according to the Education Department data, From 1990 to 2015, student debt for the typical college bachelors degree increased about 164 percent. As many college graduates have an astronomical amount of debt under their belts after graduating, they are more averse to opening a credit card. It is true that the older one gets, the more likely one will find the need to open a credit card. Credit cards play a significant role in our revenue, the fees that come with a credit card (i.e late payment fees, currency exchange, overdraft fees etc..) creates a great profit for our bank. Another study from Fortune found that millennials are more likely to borrow money from their pa rents or friends than take out a bank loan. This is an issue for our bank because loans are the primary use for [our] funds and the principal way in which [we] earn money. With the younger generations, it is important to make sure they feel confident in our bank and partaking in our bank activities, so we must figure out a way in which we can make it easier for them to want to invest in our bank. In order to get our millennial customer base to stay active within our bank, I suggest that we offer private student loans with a low-interest rate. Currently, private student loans have an interest around 7.81%. I suggest that we could provide our loans at a rate of around 6.5%. This may sound low, but by lowering our rates we are not only attracting a larger customer base, but customers who already have a checking account with us will be more inclined to apply for a loan with us for their, or their childrens college expenses. If they hold a loan and have a checking account with us, this implies weve earned their trust. As newly graduated young adults holding less debt due to our low-interest loan offering, they will be less hesitant to open a credit card through us. Eventually one must get one, to start building credit, so we are further assisting them financially while growing our market share with this group. It is a win-win situation. I have done other research geared solely towards more ways we can attract the younger generation. The number one way is to get their attention. Visa says by promoting key features such as debit cards, our business will be more likely to attract millennials. Debit cards are the reason why the younger generation are opening checking accounts. Visa also says that 78 percent of millennials say they want a payment method that is safe and secure. By highlighting the security features our bank, and bank app provides, we can attract more customers. Since our younger generation is less familiar with corporate language, I suggest we simplify it and speak the language of our youth. By doing this, we are seen as honest, and straightforward. Our customers will ultimately feel less intimidated. In 2016, online banking exceeded in-branch account openings, and mobile banking apps boomed. Our bank needs to implement an online and mobile acquisition so we can grow as the times change. A statistic provided by Visa states that thirty-two percent [of millenials] use their banks mobile apps daily. And 66-percent use it a few times per week. And twenty-four percent of millennials switched their primary checking account to have better access to mobile capabilities. By helping parents of students secure lower interest education loans, we would not only benefit from the loan, but also by gaining trust from our customers. By building these relationships, there is a natural foundation on which to build future lending potential with the students themselves. Also, by showcasing the capabilities of our phone app, and marketing not only how cutting-edge it is, but how simple, fast and easy it can be for one to keep their money at our bank. Lastly, we need to be investing in resources to ensure our bank is always at the forefront of offering the latest and most secure that technology has to offer, and our bank will continue to be extremely successful.

Decision Traps And Its Effects On Decision Making

Decision Traps Overconfidence Bias- Managers, while taking decisions, tend to take impulsive decision by thinking they actually know more than there is to be known. However, sometimes certain amount of delusional overconfidence is required to find hope in unsuccessful outcomes. Steve Jobs created a â€Å"reality distorted field† and everyone around him were influenced by it. Such over confidence led him to innovation. â€Å"It was dangerous to get caught in Steve’s distortion field, but it was what led him to actually be able to change reality† (Isaacson, Pg. 118). Hindsight bias- It is also known as â€Å"I-knew-it-all-along† effect has far reaching implication in decision-making. Hindsight bias is reported as the tendency among people to claim that they would have predicted the occurrence of an outcome with a higher probability by using their outcome knowledge or hindsight rather than by using foresight (without any prior information of the event). Anchoring- It is the tendency of an individual to rely heavily upon certain information and then tries to adjust to that value so that he or she can accommodate other influential and circumstantial factors. Framing- The framing effect can be observed in a person’s decision when he or she shows too much dependence upon how a set of options is described. Escalation of commitment- It is important to know when to stop a particular activity. Managers face queries regarding plant size, strategic moves, and requirement of additional investments.Show MoreRelatedThe Big Lie of Strategic Planning by: Roger Martin668 Words   |  3 Pagesevident that strategic planning is important when it comes to decision making for many marketing managers. The article The Big Lie of Strategic Planning by Roger Martin, suggests that choosing a strategy strictly based on a certain process â€Å"entails making decisions that explicitly cut off possibilities and option† (Martin, 2014). It speaks on the fear that many marketing managers face when challenged with decisions because the wrong decision can surely hurt his or her career, as well as the companyRead MoreForecast1127 Words   |  5 Pages27 Note from Art: Your decisions define you as a leader and a manager, yet we spend very little time in our busy lives finding ways to improve our abilities in this area. This Management Excellence Toolkit Series will help you recognize the challenges and pitfalls of individual and group decision-making and offer ideas on improving performance for you and your co-workers. Part 1 of this series emphasized the importance of developing, updating and referencing a Decision Journal. Part 2, focusedRead MoreStudy Guide Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesmoral decisions, explaining our ethical rationale–or at least coming up with a plausible rationale for our gut reaction. Haidt calls this â€Å"moral judgment.† Philosophers write at the level of moral judgment; our day-to-day responses are more often enacted based on our moral intuition.† i. You rationalize and reason your moral intuition 4. Rationalization, tests for rationalization and preemptive rationalization j. Rationalization: constructing justification for a decision we suspectRead MoreDecision Models – Using Intuition to Make Decisions Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesWeek 4 Page 1 Decision Models – Using Intuition to Make Decisions Week 4 Page 2 The use of intuition to solve a problem or make a decision may seem like common sense. However, this writer has a hunch, a feeling – almost a sixth sense – that presentiment may be good in a social setting or with our loved ones, but it is not so good in business environments. Why might that be so? Because our gut feel is fine with friends; we can use it to explain spontaneous actions or behaviorsRead MoreDesigning A Recording Studio Recording Rooms1330 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes; Mixing console, Acoustic drum kit, multitrack recorder, Reference monitors (made up of loudspeakers with a flat frequency response), Keyboard, and Microphones. Other equipment includes; On Air or Recording Light, Music workstation, outboard effects (such as compressors, reverbs, or equalizers) and Digital audio workstation. Below is one of the recording studio designs. This article will mainly explore on the design consideration of the above recording studio. The functions and names usedRead MoreSynthesis Essay : Guilty Of Insubordination 1497 Words   |  6 Pageslife pursuing his ideal of a separate Air Service recognized as a dominant force in military capabilities, but his actions in pursuit of his beliefs undermined military leadership at the time. General Billy Mitchell was a Visionary Leader but his decisions also made him an Unethical Leader. To solidify this claim, we will examine how General Mitchell’s forward thinking and refusal to accept the status quo led to the creation of the modern Air Force, how his tactics to realize his vision were not ethicalRead MoreFinancial Collapse : The And Enron1320 Words   |  6 Pagesoperated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of the failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by following a precise set of given rules and ethics. OneTel and Enron are prime examples which demonstrate the danger when a business is faced with an accounting scandalRead MoreEssay about Barriers and Obstacles to Critical Thinking728 Words   |  3 PagesReacting results in hasty decisions that are not always well thought-out. Quick decisions can lead to error or cause more problems. Evaluating decision is important to the decision-making process. During reflections a thinker can rethink what the outcome was and if the problem could have been addressed in a better manner. By evaluating decisions a thinker is learning what works and what does not work, therefore, fostering successful problem- solving and decision-making skills. However, critical thinkingRead MoreEssay about Animal Rights: Working to Help Reduce the Numbers910 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesand went into effect in April of 2010 requiring most dogs and cats be spayed or nuertered by 4-6 months old. Within just a year of its passing into law, 520 animals were spayed or nuetered and returned to their owners compared to just 9 animals the year prior. That is a 5700% increase. With other ordinances being passed as one in 2012, allowing feral cat care-taking to be allowed by outside agencies and community care-takers, allowing for these organizations to step in and start making a differenceRead MoreThe Fall Of Major Telecommunications Company Onetel And Enron1319 Words   |  6 Pagesoperated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by following a prec ise set of given rules and ethics. OneTel and Enron are prime examples which demonstrate the danger when a business is faced with an accounting scandal

In His Biography of Charles Dickens, Edgar Johnson Writes...

A Christmas Carol’ is a novella written by Charles Dickens which illustrates a somewhat happy Christmas story that highlights the importance of being a kind hearted person. Throughout his novella, Dickens’s shows the reader his intended moral of the story, that Scrooge’s transformation at the end of the novella is what Dickens’s hopes that our world will too surely change. This is evident throughout the novella as he depicts Scrooge (before the conversion), the main character; to stand for all that Dickens is against. He also puts the idea of Utilitarianism into the way Scrooge acts at the start of the novella, which Dickens also seems to dislike. Dickens then goes on to describe Scrooge, after his conversion, in a different way to at the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœHe iced his office in the dog-days; and didn’t thaw it one degree at Christmas’. This quote, along with ‘†every idiot who goes about with ‘Merry Christm as,’ on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ are great examples from the book that show that Scrooge is an unloving and uncaring person, even around the time of Christmas. These ways that Dickens portrays Scrooge, as they are bad ways, make it clear that he is putting into Scrooge the traits and attitudes that Dickens does not like in a person, and when comparing them to Fred, show that people like Fred are much more liked. Dickens also plays with Scrooges character to depict the idea and consequences of Utilitarianism. Before the conversion of Scrooge, he is made out to be a man who only cares about money and nothing or nobody else. This is clear, as in Stave Two of the novella, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes Scrooge to where he used to work, and shows Scrooge how, Fezziwig his old boss, was easily able to bring happiness to many people, without spending a lot of money or having a lot of money at all. This helps Scrooge to realise that money may not really always bring happiness, and someone cannot live on loving money and hoping from happiness off their wealth. This is clear in the novella when Scrooge reflects on what he saw at Fezziwig’s, by saying ‘The happiness he gives, is quite as great as if it cost a fortune’. The Ghost of

A Sardonic Novel, Kurt Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse Five

Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Slaughterhouse Five† is a sardonic novel chronicling the experiences of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran, survivor of the Dresden firebombing, and protagonist of the novel. Billy is a very unreliable narrator who has become â€Å"unstuck in time†. Billy is constantly journeying through time; at one moment he’s a flourishing optometrist and the next he’s a prisoner of war in Germany. Billy is forced to deal with an existential crisis presented forth by the great destruction he witnesses. These horrible atrocities that Billy encounters (bombing of Dresden, execution of Edgar Derby, etc.); however, are all really means to an end. They expose Billy to a contrast, that is, a way in which he can assess his own life and search for meaning. Life and being are seldom questioned. Billy is unique. He watches as thousands of lives are extinguished and he can only wonder â€Å"why?† The fact of the matter is, there is no answer . There is no reason why. Billy cannot understand this, which, ultimately, leads to his acceptance of the Tralfamadorian view that nothing has any meaning at all. In the beginning of chapter four, Vonnegut creates a depiction of the war going backwards to display the random nature of time as defined by the Tralfamadorians. In this scene, Billy is watching a movie on American bombers and the gallant pilots in World War II. Billy becomes stuck in time, as he watches the movie forward and backward. This passage in the novel reiterates theShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pagesnarrative, Jacques Derridas concept of play, and Jean Baudrillards simulacra. For example, instead of the modernist quest for meaning in a chaotic world, the postmodern author eschews, often playfully, the possibility of meaning, and the postmodern novel is often a parody of this quest. This distrust of totalizing mechanisms extends even to the author; thus postmodern writers often celebrate chance over craft and employ metafiction to undermine the authors univocal control (the control of only one

The Challenges Faced By Single Mothers - 899 Words

Single mothers are raising households and juggling multiple social roles with limited social support. Being a mom is rewarding and stressful but raising children without a co-parent or social support network while juggling all of the household responsibilities, the challenge can seem insurmountable. Studies indicate that single mothers are at a higher socioeconomic disadvantage which correlates with greater stress exposure and psychosocial risk factors. Being the only financial provider for food and bills is enough stress, much less for one person. A lot of single parents live by the motto Robbing Peter to pay Paul each month to make sure they have enough food, and all the school supplies that their children need. The psychosocial challenges faced by single mothers are from balancing the accumulation of social roles and raising children while economically vulnerable. The everyday struggles of parenting are magnified for single mothers because they are learning how to be the family unit from one person. The single mother takes on all of the roles that once were shared with a family unit; now the mother is the disciplinarian, the provider, the comforter, etc. The single mother now has to restructure her thinking and actions to be able to suit the ever-changing needs of her children, alongside the financial responsibilities of up-keeping the home. To balance these responsibilities while dealing with the weight of the additional roles, and the emotional effects of all of theShow MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By Single Parents1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Challenges Faced by Single Parents Everyone knows being a parent is hard but is being a single parent harder? When there are two parents in the home, bills are typically paid by two incomes many couples sometimes take this for granted until a parents’ status changes into a single parent household. A single parent home is faced with unimaginable struggles whether it’s financial, finding competent child care, dealing with the child’s behavior or accepting the fact they are alone; ultimately, theyRead MoreHardships That Single Parents Face in Child Rearing704 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Single parents often face a host of unique challenges and hardships. This is more so the case given the duo-parent role such parents have to play in seeking to keep the family united. In this text, I highlight the most common challenges single parents face. Hardships Single Parents Face in Child Rearing According to Ryan and Cooper (2008), the society has in the recent past undergone some dramatic changes in regard to familial structures. In their own words, the authors note thatRead MoreEssay about Family Today881 Words   |  4 Pages What is a family today? What challenges does being a member of a family present while traditional family structures change? Every family has to struggle to balance the demands of work and children. Also the relationship between each spouse can become more delicate and complicated. Besides, the single parent has to face even more challenges than any other. Today, in a vast majority of families, both the wife and husbandRead MoreThe Role Of Parents Are Becoming A Common Picture1732 Words   |  7 Pageshousehold piece you tend to see in movies and read in books. Before, it was always a mom and dad who were female and male. Today, a child doesn’t always have that, they can have two moms or two dads, and sometimes one or the other. Homosexuality and single parents are becoming a common picture you see in households. Each situation has its benefits, with problems forming with each situation as well. In science fiction, sometimes the roles of parents are completely gone due to scientific and technologicalRead MoreLife is full of challenges123 Essay632 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Life is full of challenges. 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Introduction Are single mothers really bad for not providing adequately for their children or is it the lack of sufficient public support and assistance provided for single mothers after the 1996 Welfare Reform that is the real problem that resulted into a judgment that recognizes single motherhood as not a good thing in the society? After the 1996 Welfare Reform, single mothers’ total income has increased and opportunities in employment also expandedRead MoreMy Mom Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesdecision whether you grab it or let it hit you in the gut. That is why I believe my mother would be the best choice as to a guide through high school. To begin with, my mother’s childhood was full of dark and scary situations. For instance she did not have a very good father. My grandfather was an abusive man who did not really care about his children. Which really took a toll on my mom. With that being said, my mother had to make a very grown up decision at a very young age. Even though she lovedRead MoreWomen of the 20th Century Essays1670 Words   |  7 PagesI feel as if I don’t exist.† A sense of numbness was not uncommon for many women who lived in the suburban world of the 1950’s. Confined by a strong emphasis on family and gender roles, women acted as wives and mothers, but did not live as individuals; always being their child’s mother, or their husband’s wife, led these women to lose their sense of self. As prisoners of their own lives, suburban housewives experienced an identity crisis that stripped them of the desire to become whoever they

Seven Deadly Sins Free Essays

Memoir/ Reflection Essay The seven deadly sins are always view in a negative way. Well since they are considered sins I guess they will ways be viewed that way. Like Pride is the desire to be better than everyone and love only oneself. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Deadly Sins or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wrath is to have uncontrollable feeling of hatred and anger. Greed is to have a very excessive or plundering desire and pursuit of wealth, status, and power. Gluttony is excessive desire for food, or its withholding from the needy. Sloth is the failure to apply your talents and gifts by being lazy. Lust is excessive thoughts or desires of a sexual nature. Envy is to be jealous of what someone or something you lack. But I think there is something good about the sins also. People never think about how these sins could be contributed into something good. Pride or Vanity is a dangerous yet sometimes helpful thing to have. It can help you show why your the right person for a job or why you deserve something more than someone else. But it can also lead to a lot of negative things as well. It can make you sound too full of yourself or make you sound cocky leading to people starting to find you annoying or even making them so jealous of you they start to hate you. So its on you to decide what is more important, either having the people you know and love hate you for what you have or on the other side having them love you for your accomplishments. I feel like vanity is the sin that could make you or break you depending on how you spin it. Wrath or as it’s more commonly known Anger is a sin that people experience more with other people or things than just by themselves. I feel wrath is the most violent of the sins as it is the act of people hating other people and with hate people tend to hurt others either physically or emotionally out of rage or revenge. We have seen wrath at its worst when the Twin Towers were crashed into. People led from being depressed to being so mad that our military had a dramatic increase just because people wanted to get back at the third world countries involved. But in turn that anger also led to our country being more patriotic than ever before. We have had more support from our civilians because of this Wrathful feeling, So I feel wrath is a important part in everyday lives whether good or bad. Avarice or Greed is what most people see as the root of evil. It goes back to the story of Eden where Adam and Eve were tempted into eating the apple from the tree. But these days People are greedy for a variety of reasons, the most commonly being money. The second most common reason would tie into people just wanting more than everyone else. But sometimes that’s not always a bad thing. I have seen people use greed to a good advantage. A prime example would be how greed led the economy to be great before this war. We wanted more so we spent more which led to people having more jobs and more work time to make the things we wanted to buy. So yes I think greed can be a evil thing but also as a great thing. Gluttony is a tricky sin to say the least. Most commonly seen as the act of eating too much, it is actually just when you over indulge in anything. You could over indulge in time spent on something specific like how much time you spent trying to beat a certain game or time spent arguing over a certain point. But when related to food you can see Gluttony when people eat too much food or when people add things to their food just to have a more satisfying taste instead of just eating to sustain life. I personally see gluttony as a growing satisfaction in peoples lives all around me. People love to eat, and again it can’t be all that bad because it does still help out economy if we keep buying more and more food even if we don’t need it. Sloth or better known as laziness is a sin everyone goes through at some point in everyday we live. Whether its not wanting to get up and do what we have to do or wasting time not pursuing things that we have the skills to do just because we don’t want to use them. Personally I see sloth as the window to a wasted life. We all have things we wish we could do but are to slothful to start. I used to play a lot of instruments as a kid and now a days I don’t play but i wonder if I did what could of happened. But again sloth, like every other sin is not always bad. Maybe your slothful while trying to think of details for something like a wedding or even a paper your writing. You waste all this time just thinking instead of rushing through it that it may actually turn out to be a very good piece of writing. some things in life just take a little waste of time to make sure everything’s right. Lust is a very satisfying yet depressing sin to think about. It is the act of wanting someone or something so bad you do anything you can to get it. I have seen lust used all over this world and it can sometimes be a very scary thing. It can lead to false love or rape and it can also lead to dictatorships. Lust is something people all feel but have to learn to control as well. The story of Alexander The Great is a perfect example. He lusted for control and territory and through this lust he became one of the greatest kings back in the old days. Now I feel lust could be a good thing as well but only if used right. Maybe your lust for someone can lead you to find out that you actually can fall in love with that person. You just have to learn to control your feelings and your cravings to allow yourself to do so. Envy is the sin that can trick your mind so well that you can’t tell right from wrong. I have seen people being so envious of another it utterly destroys them emotionally and sometimes even physically. To be jealous of what other people have and look like is something that goes through every persons mind. You may ask yourself â€Å"Why are they so much better looking than me? † or even â€Å"Why can’t I have that? â€Å". In my life I have felt this way just as much as everyone else but it lead me to learn that life isn’t about what you do or don’t have, but rather what you earn or what you do with what you have instead. The only way you can truly live happy is to realize your not like everyone else. Your you and there is nothing wrong with that fact. Now Envy can be a good thing to though. Maybe your not doing anything with your life. Maybe your not going to school or don’t have a job yet you see everyone else doing it so you get so jealous you decide to do it yourself. That’s not a bad thing at all. So I have learned don’t be envious, but just learn and do what needs to be done to make your life the way you want it to be. The seven deadly sins could have two observations about them; good and bad. So I think people shouldn’t always go by the negative views about something. Instead of seeing the glass half empty, they should see it half full. But yet again it is the seven deadly sins so no matter what they are always going to be view in a bad way. How to cite Seven Deadly Sins, Papers

Losing It free essay sample

The digital clock on the night table glowed 12:17 a.m. My mothers room across the hall was dark and silent. The only sound to be heard was the rain patting against the roof, and the occasional car that whirled by on its way home. But downstairs inside the freezer, a pint of Haagen-Dazs vanilla ice cream called out my name. And that night, I simply refused to answer. Growing up, I was obese for as long as I can remember. At age three, my favorite foods were macaroni-and-cheese, Chicken McNuggets, and ketchup. Kiwi? What was that? Throughout my childhood, my entire diet consisted of those tasty, addicting, yet starchy foods a recipe for disaster. From the time I entered middle school, my weight continued to escalate. Never had I experienced such freedom of choice as in the school cafeteria. I hardly exhibited self restraint. In ninth grade, my doctor stunned me when she said: You need to lose weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Losing It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I sat in silence for several minutes, at a loss for words. I had been in denial. The reality was a shock. Trapped inside my prison cell of fat, I began to wonder whether I would ever get out. The bars enclosing me, the chains around my ankles, and the constant ridicule were starting to get to me. I realized I had no future waiting around for a miracle to occur. I needed to break out. I set myself on a grueling journey to lose 50 pounds, a journey that has instilled discipline, confidence, and self-worth. My first step in the weight-loss process was joining my schools cross country team. My teammates were state-ranked PSAA champions, but little old me was only a beginner. My coach sent me out on my first mile; unsurprisingly, I nearly collapsed. Running, for me, was a seemingly unconquerable chore. However, I wanted to prove myself wrong. There will be a positive outcome, I told myself. So, I persisted as much as I detested exercise, and miraculously, the pounds started to shed. I continued to indulge occasionally, but I soon discovered another diversion: my schoolwork. When discontented with my weight, I funneled nearly all of my energy into hitting the books. Every once in a while, I would get mad at the mirror, but then, I would turn to world history and try to exercise my talents in a whole new manner on the academic stage. Every essay submitted became more polished, each history paper a gem of perfection. Weight loss had given me the inspiration to persist without end and to remain a driven individual in ways that I never thought it would. It has empowered me. Not only has losing weight affected my school life, but is has also governed the way I reflect upon social issues. Educating myself about weight loss led me to explore and investigate numerous topics related to our global food systems. Ive learned about the dangers of genetically modified foods, factory farms, and intensive agriculture. I am proud that my weight has turned me into a socially-concerned citizen, and in some respects, experiencing obesity has given me a positive worldview. My weight loss could have sent me down a dark path toward under-eating, over-exercise, and social isolation. But instead it has given me the insight that things come slowly but surely with time, and that patience is a learning process. In all candor, weight loss is still a challenge for me. But the battle to get where I am today has only managed to connect me with others, to boost my self-esteem, and to spur me to be the best person I can be. And I no longer come last in my cross country races. Thats right I have finally made it todrumroll pleasetwenty-third! But its all okay, because I have witnessed in myself nothing but positive transformation since that somber day in ninth grade.

Randle Report Essay Example For Students

Randle Report Essay The Randle Report, by Kevin D. Randle explores UFO research in the1990s. Inreading his book I have gained much knowledge of how to determine whetherinformation submitted as proof of extraterrestrial existence is valid or bogus,and the truth (from a scientificstandpoint) about several famous unidentifiedphenomenoms. Much information is submitted to substantiate extraterrestrialexistence. This information comes in many forms but the most common are: video,photography, and sworn testimony. Once this information is introduced UFOresearchers have to test the authenticity of the information. In 1995 aman namedRay Santilli claimed to have authentic footage of the allegedRoswell alienautopsy. Although it was very interesting, it was most definitly a hoax. Thisconclusion came after the data from many tests (performed by unbiased scientistsand experts in their respected fields) showed that many things in the film andthe actual film did not correlateas they should have. In the film there wereinstruments that hadnt been invented yet and the film was unlike any fromthat time period. We as humans have always had a facination with visualdisplays. In 1987 Ed Walters produced several polaroid photographs, several ofwhich were published in several national newspapers and magazines. Once againthese photographs were very appealing to the American public but were proved tobe not generic either. Mr. Walters was not only unable to recreate hisphotographs but after he moved from the residence where he claimed to have takenthe photographs at the next tennant to reside in that home found a model of aflying saucer that seems to be the same one that appeared in his photographs.

Sample Essay About Pollution

Sample Essay About PollutionSample essays are written for undergraduate students. A sample essay about pollution can be used by a student for which they are writing a sample paper. In their question section, you would include details of a real case study. It would be helpful if you would place their names and contact details in the conclusion, at the end of your essay.It is important to state all aspects of the essay. You would have to give details about your body of work in your academic field, including the length of time you have been at it. The background would be very important as well. You would also need to explain why you chose the subject of the essay.You need to know all that you would need to be in your sample essay about pollution. You would need to write in plain language. You will need to try and present an objective view of the problem.Students may need to make the problem sound like a simple one. It is important that they do not leave out details. However, the writer should make it clear that there is more to the story. They should also not be too technical or too fluffy.They should have an idea of the nature of pollution and the role it plays in the environment. It would be helpful if you include a section on both the factors and how they affect each other. The writer could also indicate the history of pollution in their academic fields.The essay would need to be clear and concise. Make sure you do not make the reader feel that they are being interrogated. A good short essay about pollution is not one that makes the reader feel they have spent too much time on the topic.The writer needs to make the writer's point clear. It is important that the essay is easy to read. The writer must not forget to mention the main points in the body of the essay. The material needs to be factual and it needs to be presented to a wide audience.

Analysis of film Love Actually

Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Example Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Text Analysis: Complexity of love in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a complex tragedy exploring different dynamics of love and particularly true love. The play confronts the audience with the very old enmity between two families. The focus is primarily around Romeo and Juliet but also infatuation and brotherly love. Several interpretations have being made, although reading scenes from the real play give a direct familiarity with the text. Romeo and Juliet the play is opened with a focus on the Montague’s and Romeos relationship with Rosaline. The first introduction to Romeo is by mention from his mother Lady Montague. She appears worried and asks her husband and Benvolio if they have seen Romeo. The Dialogue indicates that Romeo has being very upset and was seen walking with tears streaming from his eyes he has also being shutting himself in his room â€Å"So early walking did I see your son Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears augmenting the fresh morning dew. † (Act 1 line 120, 129-30). Romeo is presented as being deeply in love with Rosaline. Shakespeare may have added this scene exaggerating Romeos dismay to emphasize how quickly his feelings change when he sees Juliet also to underline how Romeo and Juliet share an undeniable love which he clearly did not have with Rosaline. Romeo’s sudden change of emotion is clear in â€Å"If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin this is: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (Act 1 Scene 5 line 90) where he first sees Juliet and wants to kiss her hand. Romeo declares that his feelings for Rosaline are completely gone when he sees Friar Lawrence â€Å" With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No; I have forgot that name and that name’s woe† (Lines 35-45 Act 2 Scene 3) and inquires about taking Juliet’s hand. At first FL believes Romeo is there to speak to him about Rosaline and gives a small speech to Romeo accentuating how Romeo was conveyed to be feeling. These series of events unquestionably prove that Shakespeare used Romeos first relationship (Rosaline and Romeo) to show that they did not share love but rather an infatuation (Superficial love) which is proven when Romeo finds his true love with Juliet giving viewers a more certain opinion that Romeo and Juliet do in fact have true love it was very important Shakespeare utilised this to ensure that the audience did not doubt the abrupt love or mistake it for infatuation as an author Shakespeare also used diverse language techniques nd altered the characters actions (When Rosaline and Romeo broke up, Romeo no more than cried; When Juliet was thought dead Romeo then to killed himself) He manipulated the audience into believing Romeo and Juliet’s love was real. The enmity between two of Verona’s noble families, tore two sides between many of the residences. Bringing the conflict outside of the two family’s immediate family and also involving close friends. This typ e of dedication and loyalty is very risky as Escalus had become weary of the fights disturbing the rest of the community. Declaring the next person to fight in the risk of being banished from Verona; which resulted in even defending a family that Mercutio was not a part of. This is an example of a deep unconditional love and friendship, or family type bond which Mercutio and Romeo shared. Unlike other relationships the brotherly love showed a different dynamic to Shakespeare’s writing abilities. He illustrated he could use formal language and informal language between different characters to one another. Informal language is commonly used between the characters with brotherly love, as this is in the intimacy of the friendship and not in serious situation. Often spoken by Mercutio, until his last moment alive. Shakespeare upheld his level of wit and humour in a somewhat relaxed manor â€Å" Good King of cats, nothing but one of your nine lives, that I mean to make bold withal; and, as you shall use hereafter, dry-beat the rest of the eight. Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the ears? Make haste, lest mine be about your ears ere it be out † (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 175-177) Here Shakespeare has used Mercutio’s attitude to belittle Tybalt saying he wishes to attack him, asking him to do as he pleases and quickly (with haste). Because of this it is very hard to precisely generalize Romeo and Juliet as a Drama play or Comedy (this could also broaden Shakespeare’s range of Audience). Romeo shows his heart break and depression over Mercutio’s death killing Tybalt and consequently becoming banished. Tybalt, also Juliet’s cousin causes Romeo and his actions damage his relationship with Juliet making the families anger and hate towards each other increasingly raw also giving Juliet’s parents more reason to despise Romeo as an individual. Romeo’s actions were an intense show of emotion as he essentially put Mercutio before Juliet. Shakespeare uses the concept Love at first sight as a basis for Romeo and Juliet’s love and then developing it into a physical and endless connection, using the initial family feud as a foundation to create an innovative love story it was an ideal situation to exhibit how they’re immediate love was stronger than there love for their family as both Romeo and Juliet question their own names and decide the enmity does not affect how they feel nor does the families opinions have an input into the decision to get married. Juliet goes to a severe level to avoid marrying Paris; Shakespeare also causes Juliet’s actions to create immense grief for her family even though she did not actually die at first. This yet again expresses Juliet’s weakening consideration and love for her family as she put her family through extreme sadness for Romeo not taking into account their reactions or heartbreak and only thinking of her and Romeo’s relationship. The two lovers act very quickly not using much thought or contemplation throughout the play (Romeo taking poison straight after seeing Juliet without thinking of other solutions) â€Å"Arms take your last embrace! And lips, O you the doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss. A dateless bargain to ongoing death! Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide! Thou despite pilot, not at once run back on the dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark! Here’s to my love [drinks] O true apothecary thy drugs are quick † (Act 5 scene 3 lines 113-18) Demonstrating Shakespeare’s idea of true love as the couple puts their love for one another before everything else in their love. In conclusion the types of love shown in the whole play are not only complex but a deep insight into what lovers may of felt like in Shakespeare’s time. The audience could clearly recognize the types of love within this play and also pulls people in. Shakespeare’s dramatised use of language is endless in time and can be understood and interoperated clearly, the descriptive use of texts gives a broad and personal level to understanding what is being said. The drama and exaggeration of each conversation makes the tragedy interesting and there is always something attention-grabbing being said or going on.

Globalization and Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization and Economy - Essay Example What is Globalization? Globalization means that the market goes beyond national borders, thus integrating world trade and financial markets (Czenter, 2002, p. 8). Globalization is the result of countries reducing their barriers for other countries to trade with them or directly investment in the country’s industries. These barriers were traditionally erected, so that each country had a buffer between all other countries, and globalization dismantles them (O’Riain, 2000, p. 2). This integration of world systems is accomplished in one of three major ways, according to O’Raiain (2000). The first way is through an integration of markets through the process of international trade and production. The second way is that states compete with one another to attract foreign capital and also compete with one another for the right to organize the global economy. Third, â€Å"models of state market interaction may diffuse through the world-system through the interaction of th e states and particularly through the influence of transnational organizational actors† (O’Riain, 2000, p. 3). That said, 70% of trade occurs between the triad of North America, Western Europe and East Asia (Ostry, 2005). Multinational companies are the drivers for free trade. However, Ostry (2005) argues that these companies really are not globalizers, as much of their trade and investments are regional. For instance, multinational companies in Western Europe tend to trade to other countries in Western Europe, while American firms by and large invest in their neighboring countries of Canada, Mexico and South America. Meanwhile, Japanese firms tend to trade and invest with South Korea, China and Southeast Asia (Ostry, 2005). Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalism Globalization may be either advantageous or disadvantageous, and whether it is one or the other depends upon different factors. For instance, globalization might break down the economic backbone of some coun tries that are still developing (Czenter, 2002, p. 14). Some countries that were considered to be developing as of 2002 were China, Malaysia, the Phillipines and India, and the effects of globalization on these countries’ labour markets were studied by Frenkel & Kuruvilla (2002). Frenkel & Kuruvilla note that there were two competing schools of thought on how globalization would affect labour markets and employment relations in developing countries. One school of thought was that free trade and foreign direct investment can only help developing countries, as these countries should experience job growth and increased wages due to there being an increase of industrial activity in these countries. The other school of thought was that free trade and foreign direct investment would have a negative effect on labour markets and employment relations in these developing countries. This is because of increased competition from the foreign firms, so that domestic goods are replaced by t hose made abroad; a displacement of domestic workers due to the fact that multinationals export jobs to these countries; and increased technology means fewer jobs for workers (International Labour Organization, 2011). This is also because some international markets are only open to the stronger countries, closing the door to countries that do not have a strong international portfolio (Frenkel & Kuruvilla, 2002, p. 3). Dries & Swinnen (2003) found that globalization is often advantageous for

Should Animals Be Used In Medical Research Essay

Should Animals Be Used In Medical Research - Essay Example According to the paper ‘morality’, ‘rights’ and ‘ethics’ are part of philosophy and not of ‘survival instinct’. Millions of people would have either died or would have lived ill lives if the progress in the medical field was not made. Hence, even though use of animals in medical research is violation of animal rights, it is nothing but a different form of ‘fight or flight’ instinct used by human beings to survive the threat to their lives through diseases and health problems. Hence, human beings have every right to use animals in medical research as they are genetically programmed to ‘survive’ any threat and through any means, as they are the part of the natural system where ‘survival of the fittest’ is an accepted law of nature. This paper gives a strong opinion that a healthy body, mind and a soul are foundation of healthy and happy life of human beings. With advent of machines and computers, the physical exertion of human beings have reduced to a great extend. People have become lethargic, physically inactive and dependent on machines to do most of their work. It concluded that humans would have replaced the animals in laboratories for medical research and would have died unnecessarily. The number of the inventions and the discoveries that were made in the medical world with the help of animals shows how important the use of animals is in the medical research. Sadly, most of the discoveries and inventions were possible only because animals were used in the laboratories and researches. Improvement In Quality And Quantity Of Human Life The development of different methods to cure and prevent diseases in humans and animals, in last 100 years, has been possible because of animal experiments in medical research (Giridharan, Kumar & Muthuswamy, 2000, p.1). In last four centuries, major advances in basic research and medical treatments have been achieved only because of the experiments on animals (Giridharan,

CARL ROGERS PERSON-CENTRED APPROACH

CARL ROGERS PERSON-CENTRED APPROACH Introduction Carl Rogers (1902-1987) a psychologist developed the person-centred approach theory mainly in relation to the therapist and the client and initially named it the client-centred approach. Rogers later referred to this theory as person-centred rather than patient-centred in order not to reduce the individuals autonomy and consequently lend the client to difficulties. The approach therefore is to turn individuals (clients) into subjects of their own therapy. In his theory it was noted that individuals are endowed with the power of self actualization and through their own perception of resources inherent in them, they can provide remedy for change in their difficult situations, provided a facilitating environment exists This view as expressed by Rogers implied that every person has a tendency to grow and attain a certain level of actualization. He observed that in order to allow the client (person) asses his/her own wisdom and self defeating behaviours and also engage in therapeutic move ment with the therapist, there must be a conducive climate. Three conditions were identified for this relationship to thrive favourably: Genuineness (Congruence), Empathy and Unconditional Positive Regard. GENUINENESS (Congruence) In this relationship the therapist is expected to show a real sense of genuine attitude towards the clients feelings and thoughts, be willing and ever present to assist them in whatever situation they may be. He should be transparent and discourage the attitude of being the superior in the situation. This attitude would in turn retain a high sense of confidence in the client towards realization of him/herself in therapy. Any deviation from this attitude renders the process unworkable. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (Total Acceptance) According to Rogers, the therapist in this situation must show non-judgemental and total acceptance to the clients feelings and his perceptive world as a whole to enhance his process of recovery. This total acceptance of the clients attitude and perception should be devoid of whatsoever differences that might exist between them either culturally or socially. However in doing so the therapist should ensure the safety and security of the client. EMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING In his theory, showing empathy refers to the ability of the therapist to show positive sensitivity to the clients world, his perception towards recovery and also communicate his feelings to the client. This will convey a special meaning to the client of his relationship with the therapist and consequently solidify their mutual relationship towards the expected therapeutic movement. Rogers continue to state that any deviation from these attitudes on the part of the therapist makes it difficult for the process to continue. This empathetic attitude is more exhibited by therapists who are more confident about their own identity and can cope with other persons world without any fear. PERSON-CENTREDNESS AS A CONCEPT Person-centeredness a concept in health care delivery has poor and conflicting definitions over the years and is considered one of the best ways of health care delivery in which patients are valued as individuals (Winfield et al. 1996). It has further been observed by (Slater 2006; Leplege et al 2007), that the concept of person-centredness has been described using different terms like patient-centred, client-centred, person-centred interchangeably which makes it most often unclear which consistent term to use in the description of the concept. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, Kitwood (1997) defined person-centredness as a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being by others in the context of relationship and social being. It implies recognition, respect and trust. (p.8) Kitwood (1997) further used person-centredness to formulate ideas and ways of working which puts much emphasis on communication and building relationships in care. Brooker (2004), elaborating on person-centred approach found out that the definition of the term has such characteristics as:  · Respecting and valuing the individual as a full member of society  · Providing individualised places of care that are in line with peoples changing needs  · Understanding the perspective of the person and providing a supportive social psychology in order to help people live a life of relative well-being. Dwelling on these definitions of Kitwood and Brooker, it is evident that they are built on the works of Carl Rogers (1950), which developed person-centred approach as a way of facilitating psychological growth (Natiello 2001).In addition a critical look at Kitwoods definitions definitions showed that personhood has been considered very essential. (Dewing 2008) observed that Person-centredness is often associated with gerontological nursing and more particularly issues relating to dementia care and have personhood as a basis of promoting its practice. It is therefore relevant to explore the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of personhood in as much as it recognised in person-centredness (Baker 2001; Ford McCormack 2000; Fares 1997). Baker (2001) declared that personhood is consistent with individuality and has three dimensions; the persons world which relates to understanding the persons needs, self relating to emotional and physical security and others which signify social and material world that considers the need for interventions and a sense of belonging and place. Similarly (Ford McCormack 2000) recognises personhood as the persons ability to rational make decision by virtue of his reflection on available needs, choices wants and desires. On the contrary this ability to make rational decisions might be difficult particularly in persons with dementia (Kitwood 1997), however choices can be offered to the person. Harre (1998, p.6) drawing on the work of Apter (1989),concludes that ; a sense of personal distinctiveness, a sense of personal continuity and a sense of personal autonomy important phenomenon that best described personhood. Elsewhere in literature, transcendence (a state beyond material or usual existence) has been referred to as an essential characteristic for description of personhood (Heron 1992 Kitwood 1990a, 1997).This goes to establish the assertion that personhood can be accessed from three type of literature- theology and spiritual, ethics and social psychology and each of these literature gives different meanings to attributes relating to personhood (Kitwood 1997, p.8). McCormack (2004) compared the definition of person-centredness by Kitwood and his own findings in an extensively reviewed literature and concludes that four concepts should be considered in describing person-centred nursing. These are: Being in Relation, Being in Social Context, Being In Place, Being With Self. Being In Relation Being in relationship emphasizes the point that, for any effective person-centred care to commence, continue and achieve success ,the nurse and the patient should be in a good interpersonal relationship and this relationship requires valuing of self, moral integrity, reflective ability, knowing self and others as derived from reflection on values and their place in the relationship. Being in relationship is also reflected in one of the seven attributes of person-centredness identified by Slaters (2006) concept analysis-evidence of a therapeutic relationship between person and health care provider. He further states that this relationship between the person and care provider must be one of mutuality, mutual trust and non-judgemental which does not take into consideration the balance of power. Being In Social Context This is the interconnectedness of persons with the social world in which individuals create meaning to themselves through being in the world. Being able to understand the social world of the person enables one to clearly identify things that are considered paramount in their lives Slater (2006). Being In Place Andrew (2003) declares that concept of place and its impact on health care delivery is poorly understood in nursing. Andrew further argued that places are not just physical but involve situated human intentions within them.(Andrew, 2003; Luckhurst Ray, 1997; Hussain Raczka, 1997) contends that attention must be paid to place in care relationships for its important role. In order for nurses to be facilitators of person-centredness, care values must be balanced with other organisational values no matter how difficult it might be, to enable the process of the concept to continue smoothly (Woods 2001). A similar idea was expressed by Johns (1995) that nurses cannot freely fulfil their moral obligation to patients without taking cognisance of organisational and professional implications. To buttress this McCormack et al (2002) asserts that whilst it is important for nurses to facilitate person-centredness, other contextual issues such as staff relationships, organisational systems, power differentials and the extent to which the organisation tolerates innovative practices and risk taking should be worth noting. Being with Self Knowing self is very central in person-centred nursing approach. This is important in that, health care providers need to identify their personal values first in order to respect the values of other patients under their care, to avoid trampling over their autonomy and cultural needs paramount to person-centredness (Downs, 1997; Ford McCormack, 2001; McCormack, 2001b; Nolan, 2000).Further, knowing self enables the nurse to make comparisons of current lifestyles and behaviours of the patient with his preferences and values of life in general as a clue to enhance care process (Meyers,1999). PERSON-CENTRED PRACTICE BASED ON AUTHENTIC CONSCIOUSNESS Based on the four concepts- Being In place, Being In relationship, Being with self, Being In social context, McCormack (2003) outlined five conceptual models in consistent with current nursing principles. These are: Authentic consciousness (McCormack 2001a, 2001b, 2003 and 2004), Positive person work (Packer 2003), the senses Framework (Nolan et al 2001), Skilled companionship (Titchen 2000, 2001 p.80) and The Burford Nursing Development unit model (Johns 1994). McCormack developed a conceptual framework for person-centredness practice based on Authentic consciousness. He identified five imperfect duties on which the framework will operationalize.further, McCormack (2003) declared that for person-centredness to operate effectively in practice, factors such as the patients value, the nurses values and the context of care environment. For the purpose of this study, imperfect duties and factors (Patients values, the nurses values, context of care environment) on which person-centred practice operationalize will be explored to highlight their effect on the concept. According to Immanuel Kants morale theory cited in (Sullivan, RJ 1990), imperfect duties are described as wide, broad and limited such that it gives room for discretion but within the rules of the organization within which one works. There is no means of offering an exhaustive and a priori account of how the duties are to be fulfilled. The five imperfect duties discussed earlier are as from (the conceptual framework of McCormack 2003):  · Informed flexibility: this is the facilitation of fdecision making based on information dissemination and the integration of new information into established perspectives and care practices.  · Mutuality: the recognition of the others values as being equally paramount in decision making.  · Transparency: making clear the intentions and motivations for action and the boundaries within which care decisions are set.  · Negotiation: patient participation through a culture of care that values the views of the patient as a legitimate basis for decision making while recognizing that being the final judge of decisions is of secondary importance.  · Sympathetic presence: this is an engagement takes into consideration the uniqueness and value of the individual by appropriately responding to cues that maximize coping resources through the recognition of important agendas in daily life. PATIENTS VALUES In person-centred practice respect for patients values are identified as being central in order to achieve an effective process of the concept (Dewing, J. 2002; William,B. Grant. 1998; McCormack 2001).It is important to develop a clear picture of what patients values about their life and how they make sense of what is happening around them. Helping the individual to have realization in care makes them to tolerate the incongruency of their illness and also helps them to plan for future, to do this, there is the need to build a baseline value history of the patient through biographical accounts and narrative story.(Meyers, D.T. 1989).The complex nature of most health care decisions couple with anxiety, fear of illness, dependency and other aggressive tendencies results in the patients decision making ability being diminished.( Buchanan Brock, 1989) Argued that if patients are left to be in total control of their health care decisions, most often than not their choice of treatment dec ision might not work effectively towards their well being as expected. They further argued that, as much as patients are expected to participate in decision making regarding their health, they should also be protected sometimes from harmful consequences of their own choices. According to Seedhouse, D. (1986) health has different meanings to different people and is also given various degrees of relevance by individuals. It therefore implies that there is no single care intervention that can be considered best for everyone. Whiles are a particular approach is applicable in one situation it may not be same in the other. In view of these, health care decisions need to adopt a negotiated approach between the patient and the practitioner (McCormack, 2001). NURSES VALUES In spite of partnership being a common phenomenon in person-centred practice where nurses are encouraged to be lenient in their presentation to patients, it is unusual for nurses to present their own views as a part of information that patients are given to help their decisions.Gadow (1980) argued that in as much as patients values should be dominant in the decision, nurses values also contribute to enhance the efficiency of the process but in a less explicit manner. Nurses expressing their values in care decisions should not really be a problem if there is partnership, since these will help the patient to have more insight into the nurses position regarding their care. CONTEXT OF PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT Despite more attention on nurses and patient values the care environment also play a significant role in the person-centred process in which there is the tendency to either promote or hinder its smooth running (McCormack et al 2002; Rycroft-Malone et al 2002).In facilitating person-centredness nurses are faced with difficulties of having to cope with the morale obligations to patients as well as organisational and professional implications (Johns, 1999).this situation has been confirmed by recent analysis f context undertaken by McCormack et al (2002). Yarling (1990) expressed a similar view to earlier researchers above that, in modern health care delivery, while nurses are expected to engage in autonomous decision making they are limited in exercising their authority. THE CONCEPT OF PERSON-CENTREDNESS IN REHABILITATION Clare et al. (2006) define rehabilitation as an individualized approach to helping people with cognitive impairments in which those affected, and their families work together with health care professionals to identify personal-relevant goals and strategies for addressing these. This definition clearly shows a connection between rehabilitation and the concept of person-centredness. Leplege et al (2007) argued that the notion of person-centredness have been used interchangeably as patient- centred ,client-centred, individual- centred, person-directed. Reasoning along this argument, implies that the term has a multidimensional use. In order to establish further the description of this terminology, Leplege and his colleagues undertook a conceptual analysis of person-centred concept in the field of rehabilitation and identified few supportive concepts that clearly elaborate on the use of the term. THE PERSONS SPECIFIC HOLISTIC PROPERTIES AND DIFFICULTIES IN EVERYDAY LIFE Person-centredness as a means of addressing the persons specific and holistic properties suggests that in dealing with individuals, their biological and psychosocial needs must be considered as paramount as opposed to classical analytic medical attention on the functionality of specific organs and related medications prescribed for relief of ailment. In their view regarding person-centredness in rehabilitation, the term seeks to address difficulties in everyday life of disabled persons in such a manner as to reflect their needs and social adjustment. Rehabilitation alone without person-centredness seems more technical and ignores other aspects of the patients life. PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT It is further argued that disabled persons be given more decisional autonomy in order to be aware of what is happening to them, the way they perceive treatment and care offered them and other variations about care available to them. Patients of disability should not be passive about interventions available to them; they should be allowed as key participants. It is however stressed that the concerns of disabled persons are not different from able persons and therefore equal attention is supposed to be given to both. RESPECTING THE PERSON BEHIND THE IMPAIRMENT Respecting the person in spite of his/her impairment or the disease reflects the notion that disabled persons be accorded the dignity and respect they deserve, because disability can be considered as part of normal life and therefore should not be treated with pity and stigmatization. Leplege et al therefore declared person-centredness as anti-reductionism which seeks to hold in high esteem views and rights of disabled persons in decision making regarding their health care. PERCEPTION OF PERSON-CENTRED NURSING ACROSS NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DIVIDE The concept of person-centred care has long been associated with the nursing profession, and understood in principle as; establishing mutual trust and understanding with individuals, respecting their values and rights as a person, and developing therapeutic relationships with them and others associated with their care. The good aspect of delivering care in the philosophical context of person-centredness cannot be over emphasised, but it has been observed that translating the main concept into daily practice is always met with challenges (McCormack McCance 2006).The reasons for these inefficiencies manifest in different forms and are seldom indicative of the context in which care is delivered, coupled with constant changes that occur particularly within health and other social care sectors. Person-centredness has been in existence with health care delivery for some time now and is consistent with policy direction and reflected in many approaches to delivery of care. The concept manifests itself in policy directions across both national and international health care sectors. In the United Kingdom the concept of person-centredness is embedded in most health care policies such as The Dignity in Care Campaign (DoH, 2006) and The National Service Framework for older people (DoH 2001). Further, recent publications by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) emphasised challenges for nurses and midwives in provision of dignified and sensitive care, in its report on health care. In Northern Ireland, the focus is on promoting person-centred standards- (respect, attitude, privacy and dignity, communication, behaviour) across health and social care sectors. It has been observed that within the health service, the drive to promote effectiveness and efficiency in performance management has not been high. As a result, patients, clients and their families receive less attention in care delivery as indicated in a range of quality and clinical indicators (DHSSPS 2007a; Nolan, 2007). Whilst the term person-centred care is rampant in the UK health and social care literature and policy documents, the underlying principles of person-centred care are similar to that of international movements that is focused on humanizing the health and social care experience. This is evident in the Skaevinge Project carried out in Denmark (Wagner L. 1994). In his action research, focus was on preventative work and also to ensure the rights of residents in care homes as citizens in society. This model again helps in putting to shape the future of residential care and the design of care homes internationally. Wagner infused into his work such principles underpinning person-centred care as autonomy, citizenship, dignity and respect, to enhance efficiency of his model. Health care policies around the world adopt these principles and use them in several policy frameworks related to social and health care sectors. In Australia for instance, person-centred care has been a solid foundation of facility accreditation in The Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency and the New South Wales department of nursing has its focus on enhancing practices and models of care to support person-centredness across all specialities. Developing models that enhance care and promote person-centred principles has become a vital issue in health and social care. A notable instance is the Institute for Health care Improvement (IHI) in the United States of America. Most governments in the West have initiated transformations and innovated frameworks in health and social services through most of the practices of the IHI. Majority of the plans initiated by these governments focused on person-centred care mainly through transformation systems and redesign of clinical services.

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay

Loyalty can be defined by anyone but there’s only one definition of loyalty. Google’s definition of loyalty is the quality of being loyal to someone or something. The second definition for loyalty is a strong feeling of support or allegiance; fights with in-laws cause divided loyalties. My definition of loyalty relates to the first definition; however, it consists of more than just that. Loyalty means respect and competence pertaining to a certain degree of trust and allegiance to an organization or personal lifestyles one might be involved in. Emotions and stereotypical thoughts have a major role in the play called loyalty. Loyalty and emotions have similarities just because of the fact an individual has to have some form of feeling towards a person or they will never be able to be loyal. What is the meaning of being loyal? Loyalty is defined by the person giving the meaning of its definition. Google definition of loyalty is true to a certain extent, but there is still something missing. The quality of being loyal should exist in everyone. Everyone or a particular breed has the quality of being loyal. Definitions seem to captivate everyone’s minds into believing the term or definition is true just because it has a reliable source. Sources are undoubtedly opinions from scholars; opinions arouse from person’s experience to inform people about such terms. If the term loyalty is true as it is supposed to be it might as well be self-explanatory. Loyalty is a word that consists of trust, faith, allegiance, and love. Without those four terms loyalty doesn’t exists. The quality of being loyal all depends on the people that may think of these terms. Imagine two couples that have undeniable trust for each other with stipulations which are to be loyal forever, one runs off to meet another individual she might have attractions for, the other partner finds out about it so the partner feels like she is not being loyal. The reason for that is because he feels like she is only upposed to be attracted to him, but she feels differently because she feels that she hasn’t cheated on him. These are two couples with two different definitions pertaining to loyalty. Emotions and stereotypical thought has everything to do with loyalty. Emotions give an individual trust and fear which are needed so one can attain the ability to be loyal. Without trust for an individual, people will never be able to give their complete trust and loyalty especially when the individual wants the same respect. Stereotypical thoughts pertaining to the term loyalty will give an individual a lesser understanding of the term loyalty mainly because stereotypical people tend to have their own opinions about everything which isn’t wrong but it justifies the statement. Everyone has their own definition of loyalty. Furthermore, what is the meaning of loyalty which is one of the questions everyone tends to asked themselves? Loyalties are moreover something genuine and sacred people or an organization tends to have. Loyalty consists of trust, love, and respect. Everyone has the ability to be loyal as long as it has true meaning.

Brave New World: Correlation between the Dangers of a World State Society

Written in 1931 by English author Aldous Huxley, Brave New World is a novel still highly revered in today’s literary world. The novel sets itself in London, England, in the year 632 AF (After Ford). The world is a strikingly different place in Huxley’s futuristic World State than it is today – society’s technological advancements have come nowhere near the incredible developments in fertilization and population and control that the World State has. Yet despite this, the novel is still heavily referred to, both in instances within the literary world and outside.Thought written decades ago, Brave New World does not appear outdated in any way. The revelations and realizations of the characters within the novel could very well be the realizations of any 21st century man or woman. The novel Brave New World is still relevant in today’s modern world because its themes of government control, happiness conflicting with reality, and consumerism, are all prese nt in today’s society. Government control is a very large part of the society that Aldous Huxley has created in his novel. In the World State, not many people have the ability to achieve unbiased or preconditioned thought.The book starts at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where the Director of the Hatchery is giving a number of students a tour around. He is explaining their methods of population control and fertilization, known as the Bokanovskification Process (pg. 6, Huxley). The process in which a Bokanovskified egg will divide into 96 buds that grow into full embryos is the first step in the process of conditioning. The Bokanovskified eggs are conditioned with hormones and chemicals as needed to get them into the state that the Director wants them in.Huxley hints at the objective of this conditioning when a young worker at the Hatchery, Mr. Foster, says, â€Å" â€Å"We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future s ewage workers or future†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He was going to say ‘future World Controllers,’ but correcting himself, said ‘future Directors of Hatcheries’ instead† (pg. 13, Huxley). This shows that government figures in the book are responsible for the achievements and successes of all the humans they hatch, because they are the ones who essentially craft their personalities and character traits.When they are conditioning the eggs by rejecting defects and enhancing positive features such as physical perfection, they inherently choose the path in life that the embryo will follow. This is much like the new ability that expecting parents have today to choose certain genetic aspects of their future child’s body. Parents have the ability to choose hair colour, eye colour, skin colour, and with our expanding technology, more child customization seems possible.Another method of government control is sleep conditioning, more formally known as hypnopaedic con ditioning. The sleeping newborns and fertilized embryos all go through a process in which workers at the Hatchery put bits of information through a loudspeaker on repeat while they sleep. This brainwashing of the fertilized eggs is similar to the programming and propaganda that many oppressive governments have tried to use on their people to prevent free thought, such as Hitler’s intense use of propaganda speeches and posters to fuel Anti-Semitic thought.Lastly, the advancements in World State technology have allowed for the drug soma to be created. Its self-induced feelings of happiness and contentment to distract from society’s flaws are in a way very similar to North America’s prescription drug addiction. Anti-depressant pills to distract from life’s hardships are used both within the novel and society today. The controlling government in Brave New World can be seen as a metaphor for modern society and the dangers that technology and too much governmen t create.Happiness and a grasp on reality are two ideals that do not coincide within the novel. John, the son of the Director and his wife Linda, is the Savage within the novel. He is an outcast amongst the members of his father’s society. John was an intelligent boy who was taught to read by his mother at an early age, demonstrated by a passage in the novel that says, â€Å"Soon he could read all the words quite well. Even the longest. But what did they mean? He asked Linda; but even when she could answer it didn’t seem to make it very clear† (pg. 130, Huxley).This is a reflection on the fact that his society is constantly trying to prevent him from learning – when John is taken back to the civilized world, he realizes that in order to be accepted into the World State and finally achieve happiness, he must give up learning and reading about the true nature of the world. He cannot make this sacrifice, which leads to his eventual suicide. This is similar t o free thinkers in the past and present that have gone against the norms of society, who have either stopped rebelling against society and decided to conform, or continue their research for truth at their own expense.Many early scientists were forced to conform to outdated forms of research due to religious or cultural beliefs within their society. Another example of how happiness and reality are incompatible is the use of the drug soma within society. The character of Lenina, a vaccination nurse at the Hatchery, is a heavy soma user. Every occasion that she finds strange or unusual is another opportunity for her friends and colleagues to encourage her use of soma, which makes her feel relaxed and without worry. An example of this is after she felt quite rejected by John after their date:Drying her eyes, Lenina walked across the roof to the lift. On her way down to the twenty seventh floor, she pulled out her soma bottle. One gram would not be enough, but two would make her late for work the next morning†¦She compromised and, into her cupped left palm, she took out three half-gram tablets. (pg. 171, Huxley) Her dependence on mind and mood altering drugs is similar to anti-depressants and their role in modern civilization. When somebody has a different mental process than the norm, they are encouraged to take medication even if their mental state is not harming anyone, thus repressing these thoughts from occurring.Lastly, Brave New World shows another representation of choosing between happiness and reality with society’s promiscuous nature. People are highly discouraged to develop feelings for a single human, and encouraged to take on multiple sexual partners. When Lenina starts to develop feelings for a man, her colleagues are quick to dissuade her from pursuing those feelings any further, all to conform to the harsh reality of the World State’s lack of personal relationships. This is an example of characters being forced to choose truth in stead of happiness.Drug dependence, persecution of creative minds, and oppression of the family are all ways that Brave New World demonstrates that happiness and truth cannot coincide. The theme of consumerism is very important to the understanding of how society works in the World State. Consumerism is a major aspect of their society because it is the driving force that allows the government to control the people of the World State without resorting to tyrannical or violent rule. During hypnopaedic conditioning sessions, the embryos will be taught that â€Å"Ending is better than mending† (pg. 23, Huxley).This is meant to show their society’s encouragement when it comes to buying new things. The quote is in reference to purchasing new clothes, and how it is favored to attempting to fix old clothes. They are taught at a young age that this is the best option, which reflects on the world’s current driven consumer society. All over the globe today, it can be seen that what truly makes a country successful is not its politics, but rather its economy. Commercials, politicians, and public messages of any kind are constantly trying to insert their message into society’s mind – purchasing new items will help society and the economy.Buying things will somehow add to personal happiness. Even fixing broken or lower class products by oneself is discouraged as there exist paid services that allow others to do the fixing instead. A second important point worth nothing in Brave New World is the attitude towards things as simple as children’s toys. When a product breaks (for example, a child’s toy), instead of the same toy being bought once more, increasingly complicated toys are created instead. This is similar to today’s consumerist society where advertisers and consumers are always searching for something â€Å"better†.Though the search for better products may improve technology, it also puts emphasis on unnec essary materialistic items. The last and most important aspect of consumerism is its religious like status. The founder of the World State, a man called Ford, is named in reference to Henry Ford, the famous automobile maker. When talking to one another, members of the World State often make a capital-T with their hands. This is a reference to Ford’s famous T-model car, as well as the Christian symbol of the cross.These gestures heavily imply that Ford, a famous capitalist, is seen as a Christ-like figure, and consumerism has replaces religious belief. The manipulation of World State Citizens into thinking that they must spend money at a constant rate, idea that something â€Å"better† must all exist, and the religious-type undertones of society all show how consumerism is a major aspect of the novel. Brave New World is a novel that directly reflects modern society through its depictions of government, truth’s incompatibility with happiness, and consumerism. Unli ke many dystopian novels that depict futuristic governments s oppressive and dictatorial beings, Brave New World is a story that does not portray the people in command as a repressive, brutish force. Just as in our society today, the community within the World State are each given choices – there are no sections of the government that require people to take soma, yet they do. There are no sections of the government that require people to partake in sexual activities, yet they do. Aldous Huxley’s depiction of the World State is relevant to ours because it is a direct reflection upon what humans today have done to society.People are given an endless amount of choices as to whether or not they want to conform, but as presented through the characters in the novel and people in the 21st century, the society that people live in will inevitably modify those choices. Brave New World is a story that masterfully shows the correlation between the dangers of a World State society and the dangers of the modern world. Works Cited Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 1931